8.2

8.2 Summary

• Sunlight = for of electromagnetic energy


• Electromagnetic spectrum can show the range of electromagnetic energy.(colors are due to the pigments)


• Paper chromatography helps to discover the pigment.


• Water splitting photosystem and the producing NADPH is involved in the light reactions.

1) Explain why a leaf appears green.
A leaf appears green because green light is not absorbed.
2) Describe what happens when a molecule of chlorophyll a absorbs light.
3) Besides oxygen, what two molecules are produced by the light reactions?
The two other molecules are ATP and NADH.
4) Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?
They take place in the thylakoid.

8.1~8.2 Vocab List

8.1 Section Vocabulary
Chloroplast: the cellular organelle where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll: A type of chemical compounds that chloroplasts contain, which give these organelles a green color. All green parts visible contain chlorosplats and can carry out photosynthesis
Stroma: A thick fluid of the inner meembranes of a chloroplast which has a inner and outer membrane, similiar to the mitochondria's matrix.
Thylakoids: Suspended in the stroma are many disk-shaped sacs. They each have a membrane surrounding an interiro space, arranged in stacks called grana.
Light reactions: Convert the erngy in sunlight to chemical energy
Calvin Cycle: makes sugar from the atoms in carbon dioxide plus the hydrogen ions and high energy electrons carried by NADPH. the enzymes for the Calvin cycle are located outside rge rgtkakoids and dissolved in the stroma.
8.2 Section Vocabulary
Wavelength: the distance between two adjacent wave
Electromagnetic spectrum: The range of types of electromagnetic energy, from the very short wavelengths of gamma rays to the ver lkong wavelenths of radio waves
Pigments: a substance's color is due to chemical compounds
Paper chromatography: a laboratory technique which allows people to obersce rge dufferent pigments in a green leaf
Photosystems: within the thylakoid membrane, chlorphyll and other molecules are arranged in clusters, each containing a few hundred pigments molecules including chlorphyll.

8.1

Summary

• Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast which have chemicals that give organelles green color.
• Chloroplasts has an inner, outer membrane, granum, stroma, thylakoid space, and thylakoid.
• Inside the inner membrane contains thick fluid. This fluid is called stroma.
• Photosynthesis's equation is 6 CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H1206 + 6 O2
• Photosynthesis is divided into two stages. One being light reaction and two being the calvin cycle. Light reaction changes sunlight into chemical energy. Calvin cycle uses carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to make sugar.
  Concept Check 8.1

1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structure: outer and inner membrane, stroma thylakoids



2.What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products?
Reactants are carbon dioxide and water and the products are glucose and oxygen.


3.Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?
Light reactions and Calvin cycle are the two main stages of photosynthesis. They are related because they are both used in the photosynthesis and they both change different chemical reactions into different compound.